Tax implications of the green transition and sustainability reporting.
Tax treatment of voluntary carbon credits — supply of rights (standard-rated). Mandatory carbon trading schemes. Carbon offset accounting. Purchase and sale of credits between entities.
Green sukuk and green bonds — exempt financial services. Sustainability-linked loans with interest step-ups/downs. ESG fund structures — investment manager exemption analysis.
EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism — affects GCC exporters of aluminum, steel, cement, and fertilizers. CBAM certificates required from 2026. Carbon price reporting obligations.
Tax transparency in ESG reports (GRI 207). Country-by-country reporting for Pillar Two. Tax governance disclosures. Total tax contribution reporting.
